Phonetics.ppt

Yun-Pi Yuan Phonetics I . Definition II .Consonants A. Definition B. Voicing C. Place of Articulation D. Manner of Articulation E. Computer Software III. Vowels IV. Position of the Tongue, Lips; Degree of Muscle Tension V. Phonetic Symbols VI. English and Mandarin Sounds VII. Uses of MPS Definition Phonetics: The study of speech sounds (Yule 41) Articulatory phonetics: how speech sounds are made Acoustic phonetics: physical properties of speech Auditory phonetics: perception of speech sounds Forensic phonetics: in legal cases involving speaker identification and the analysis of recorded utterances Q: Why do we have many different individual sounds? Distinguish between Words low, row ban, pan bat, bad bit, but lan(爛), lang(浪) Consonants (1) Definition: the air coming up out of the lungs is blocked somewhere in the vocal tract(=place), or squeezed thru a small hole formed for med at some place in the vocal tract. e.g. blocked completely: /p/ squeezed: /f/ combo: /tS/ Consonants (2) Voicing: Voiced (+v): If the vocal cards are together, the airstreams forces it way through and causes them to vibrate. Voiceless (-v): When the vocal cards are spread apart, the air from the lungs passes between them unimpeded Consonants (3) Place of Articulation (Nash 39) =Where a speech sound is made? Bilabials: [p, b, m] Labiodentals: [f, v] Dental: [Q, e] Alveolar: [t, d, n, s, z, l] Retroflex: [r] Palato-alveolar: [S, Z] Palatals: [tS, dZ ] Velars: [k, g, ?] Glottal: [h] Consonants (4) Manner of articulation (Nash 40)=How a speech sound is made? Stop: [p, b, t, d, k, g] Nasal: [m, n, ?] Fricative: [f, v, Q, e, s, z, S, Z, h] Affricative: [tS, dZ] Approximants: Glide: [w, j, r] Liquid: [l] Tap: [t, d] Place and Manners of Articulation Label Place Manner Examples alveolar stop top, dog labiodental fricative food, Vivian dental fricative