虚拟语气(三).pptVIP

A New English Grammar Vice Professor Gan Daixia 2010.3 虚拟语气 三种语气简介 语气是表示讲话人对说话内容的看法的一种语法范畴。 英语中有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。 陈述语气：谓语动词所表达的动作或状态是符合客观现实的， 也就是说把动作或状态当作事实表达出来，或提出一种看法。 Flowers blossom in spring. The yellow leaves are falling in the autumn wind. The moon is peeping through the window at the sleepless girl. It’s probably going to snow tomorrow. 祈使语气：表示号召、命令、请求、劝告、 警告禁止等。 Do drop in to see us. Keep off the grass. 虚拟语气：把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人 想象中的“假设 ”或“推断”，而不是当作客观 现实中的真实事件，它表达的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设、想象或祝福等。 Mother told me to put on my sweater lest I should catch cold. I wish I were a white cloud. A judicious man wouldn’t do like that. 虚拟语气在条件句子中的运用 英语中的条件句有2种：真实和非真实条件句。 非真实条件句包括： 虚拟条件句、推测条件句、错综时间条件句。 1． 虚拟条件句有2种： 一是叙述与现在事实相反的情况；另一是叙 述与过去事实相反的情况。另外，还有一类用 于推测将来的情况，也称推测条件句。 would有时可以换成 should, could， might。 He wouldn’t feel so cold if he were indoors. I am sorry I am very busy just now, if I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you. If I knew the answers to all your questions, I would be a genius. If wishes wee horses, beggars might ride. If we hadn’t made adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful. The flood might have caused great damage to the people if we hadn’t built so many reservoirs. Jack would have died if the doctors hadn’t operated on him timely.. If he were here this evening, we would play cards. If she were to marry Jack, she would be happy. If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. If it should rain again, what else could I do? she would tell me if she should know it. If she should have enough money, he would buy it. 比较： If it snowed tomorrow, If it were to snow, If it should snow, I should / would stay at home. 注意： （