英汉翻译教程课件.ppt

归化与异化——汉语习语的英译 习语（谚语、俗语、惯用语、俗成语、暗语、歇后语等）是中华民族一笔魅力独具的文化遗产、一种民族瑰宝。 传统译论涉及两个翻译原则：归化（domestication）和异化(foreignization) 。 归化：化境（钱钟书）、神似（傅雷） 异化：宁信而不顺（鲁迅）、译作必须有异国情调，就是所谓“洋气”（鲁迅） 1/ 汉语习语的英译找不到对应英语习语 --- 你去，找曹先生，把前后的事一五一十都对他实说。（老舍：《骆驼祥子》） Go and find Mr. Cao and tell him all about it from start to finish . ——模糊处理 ---方案一公布，大家就七嘴八舌地议论开了。 Publication of the draft touched off a lively discussion with everybody eager to put in a word. 2/ 不少汉语习语虽有相对固定的译法，却不是总能套用 ---谋事在人，成事在天。咱们谋到了，靠菩萨保佑，有些机会，也未可知。（《红楼梦》第6回） Man proposes; Heaven disposes. Work out a plan, trust to Buddha, and something may come of it for all you know. 3/ 许多习语虽已有固定译法，却其不一定正确 --- “爱屋及乌”，不等同于love me, love my dog。 《汉语成语词典》---“爱屋及乌” ：爱那个人而连带地去爱护停留在他屋上的乌鸦。其立足于“爱人”。 Longman Dictionary of English Idiom---Love me, love my dog：Anyone who wished to remain friendly with me will have to accept and tolerate all that belongs to me, all my personal habits and opinions, etc.其所强调的是“爱己”。 似可借用另一英谚：He that loves the tree loves the branch.译之。 异化乎？ --- 胸有成竹 → have a bamboo in his stomach （改译：to have a well-thought-out plan before doing something.）??? 桃李满天下 → to have the peaches and plums all over the world (改译：to have students all over the world ) 路遥知马力，日久见人心? → as a long road tests a horse’s strength, so a long task proves a person’s heart.??? 归化和异化同存 ---竭泽而渔 → to drain a pond to catch all the fish （异化）/ kill the goose that lays the golden eggs （归化） 打草惊蛇? → to stir up the grass and alert the snake （异化）/ wake a sleeping dog（归化） 易如反掌? → to be as easy as turning over one’s hand （异化）/ as easy as falling off a log（归化） 掌上明珠? → a pearl in the palm （异化）/ the apple of one’s eye （归化） 守口如瓶? → to keep one’s mouth closed like a bottle （异化）/ keep a still tongue in one’s head（归化） 雪中送炭? → to send charcoal in snowy weather （异化）/ help a lame dog over a stile （归化） 画蛇添足? → to draw a snake and add feet to it （异化）/ paint the lily （归化） 很多汉语习语几乎不含什么“文化因子”，却不能在英译时作“归化”处理。 眉飞色舞 → his eyebrows are flying and his countenance is dancing （改译：to beam with