毕业设计（论文）-聚氯乙烯的发展前景分析.docVIP

西南石油大学函授 毕业论文 题 目: : 化学工程与工艺 姓 名: 完成日期: 西南石油大学制 二一二年月 聚氯乙烯的发展前景分析 Analysis on the development of PVC 摘要：聚氯乙烯(Polyviny Chloride)，简称PVC，是我国重要的有机合成材料。其产品具有良好的物理性能和化学性能，广泛用于工业、建筑、农业、日用生活、包装、电力、公用事业等领域。 聚氯乙稀是一种无毒、无臭的白色粉末。化学稳定性很高，具有良好的可塑性。除少数有机溶剂外，常温下可耐任何浓度的盐酸、90%以下的硫酸、50~60%的硝酸及20%以下的烧碱，对于盐类亦相当稳定；PVC的热稳定性和耐光性较差，在140℃以上即可开始分解并放出氯化氢(HCl)气体，致使PVC变色。电绝缘性优良，一般不会燃烧，在火焰上能燃烧并放出HCl，但离开火焰即自熄，是一种“自熄性”、“难燃性”物质。主要用于生产透明片、管件、金卡、输血器材、软、硬管、板材、门窗、异型材、薄膜、电绝缘材料、电缆护套、输血料等关键词：聚氯乙烯有机合成材料物理性能化学性能领域稳定性可塑性Abstract：Polyvinyl chloride (Polyvinyl Chloride), referred to as PVC, is our countrys important organic synthetic material. The product has a good physical and chemical properties, are widely used in industry, construction, agriculture, daily life, packaging, electric power, public utilities and other fields. PVC is a non-toxic, odorless white powder. High chemical stability has good plasticity. With the exception of a few organic solvents at room temperature, is resistant to any concentration of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, 90% below 50 ~ 60% nitric acid and 20% following caustic soda, for salt also quite stable; PVC thermal stability and lightfast ness poor, at 140 ℃ above can begin to decompose and release hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas, resulting in PVC discoloration. Excellent insulating property, not combustion, the flame to burn and release of HCl, but leave the flame self-extinguishing, is a self-extinguishing, incombustible substance. Mainly used in the production of transparent sheet, pipe fittings, gold, blood transfusion equipment, soft, hard tube, sheet, doors and windows, profile, film, electrical insulation materials, cable sheathing, blood transfusion and other materials. Keywords：Polyvinyl Chloride、 Synthetic organic materials、 Chemical properties、 Physical properties 、Field、 Stability 、 Plasticity 目 录 前 言 - 1 - 1、聚氯乙烯的发展背景 - 2 - 1.1聚氯乙烯的开发过程 - 2 - 1.2聚氯乙烯发展道路的坎坷 - 2 - 2、聚氯乙烯的工业概况 - 2 - 2.1世界聚氯乙烯工艺技术 - 2 -