基于小波分析校正网络的直流电机控制研究new.docVIP

PAGE VI PAGE V 基 于 小 波 分 析 校 正 网 络 的 直 流 电 机 控 制 研 究 摘 要 由于直流电机有优良的调速性能，在市场中占据着很大的份额，在实际应用中有着交流电机无法替代的作用。为了研究直流电机调速精度和转速稳定性，提高控制系统的智能化程度和纠错能力，运用小波分析技术,提取电流﹑电压和转速的小波系数中所包含的丰富的时频信息，判别电流﹑电压和速度的异常突变；通过构建归一化能量特征向量提取故障特征，并与事先建立的故障辞典做对比,判别错误原因，再通过调整晶闸管输出的PWM波的占空比，修正转速，实现自动纠错功能，使其转速稳定在要求范围内。 按照此思路设计制作了直流电机控制器。该系统硬件部分包括核心芯片80CKC196、电流检测电路﹑电压检测电路﹑速度检测电路﹑PWM调节电路﹑驱动电路六个主要部分。在软件方面，主要由初始化模块﹑速度检测模块﹑电压检测模块﹑电流检测模块﹑脉宽调制模块﹑故障处理模块和小波计算模块七个主要组成部分。 对该控制器整体调试，进行了开环和闭环运行实验；并在起制动性能方面，输入电压信号突变时转速稳定性方面，线性阶跃负载情况下转速变化方面，抗干扰方面和普通PID控制器进行了对比实验，显示调速精度和转速的稳定性优于常规PID调速器。说明该控制系统具有较好的稳态性能与控制性能，较高的精度和可靠性。该研究工作对提高直流电机调速精度和判别异常信号突变进行了一定的理论探讨，并提供了切实可行的方法。 关键词:直流电机,小波分析,调速精度,转速稳定性 ABSTRACT As good speed performance,DC motor occupied the large market share. ?In practice, the application of DC motor is irreplaceable in comparison with AC motor.In order to ensure accuracy and speed motor speed stability, and improve the control system of intelligence and error correction capacity,the theory of wavelet analysis is used to accurately,timely detect the abnormal changes of the Dc motor speed and the electrical signal of the control system,and to diagnosis fault for self-correction and improving intelligence of the control system and error correction capacity.this theory can help us to extract the time - frequency informations of the wavelet coefficients of current,voltage and rotating speed,and to construct energy normalized vector for judging the faults,then the PWM is adjusted to correct speed,and ensure control accuracy and speed stability motor. According to this method,we designed and made this DC motor controller.This hardware system includes chip,80CKC196, PWM adujustment, detection module of current and voltage, detection circuit of rotating speed and driving circuit. In software design, this system includes the functional module of the initialization, Voltage detection, curren detection,speed detection,mistakes judgment.All of them have been discussed in detail. The debugging shows this control system