对外经济贸易大学经济学导论通用讲义二.ppt

像经济学家一样思考 2 经济学家的两种角色是什么？它们有什么不同？ 什么是模型？经济学家怎么使用它们？ 循环流量图的构成要素有哪些？流量图想要说明什么问题？ 生产可能性边界与机会成本有什么联系？它还表示了什么其他概念？ 微观经济学与宏观经济学有什么不同？实证经济学与规范经济学呢？ 主动学习 1 不在生产可能性边界上的点 A.在图上找出代表（100台电脑，3000吨小麦）的点，并标作F。经济能生产出这样的两种产品数量组合吗？为什么？ B. 接下来，找出代表（300台电脑，3500吨小麦）的点，并标作G。经济能生产出这样的两种产品组合吗？为什么？ 主动学习 1 参考答案 主动学习 1 参考答案 相互依存性与贸易的好处 为什么人们（还有国家）之间会选择经济上相互依存？ 贸易怎样能使每个人都更好？ 什么是绝对优势？什么是比较优势？这些概念有什么相同之处？它们又有什么不同之处？ 相互依存性 第一章所强调的经济学十大原理之一：贸易可以使每个人的状况都变得更好 现在我们开始学习为什么人们（还有国家）之间会选择相互依存？他们又是如何从贸易中获益的？ * This FYI lists people who studied economics in college. It is a fun way to lighten up the lecture. On the other hand, if you’re running short on time, this is a good candidate to skip – students will readily find it when they read the chapter. (Due to space limitations, this slide omits a few of the names in the corresponding FYI box in the text.) Please ask your students in advance to bring calculators to class. This PowerPoint chapter includes simple in-class exercises which lead students to see for themselves the gains from trade arising from comparative advantage. This PowerPoint chapter covers the same topics as Chapter 3 in the textbook (comparative absolute advantage, the gains from trade), but using a different example and a different approach that is likely to benefit your students. The textbook presents these topics using an example involving two individual producers (the farmer rancher). After the example, the textbook states that its lessons apply to countries as well as individual producers. This PowerPoint presentation takes the opposite approach, illustrating the concepts with an example involving two countries, and then states that that the lessons apply to individuals as well as countries. Seeing the analysis both ways, and seeing a different example in class than in the textbook, will help students better learn these concepts. The example in this PowerPoint chapter builds on the PPF example introduced in the Chapter 2 PowerPoint. (It is not essential t