国家农业转基因生物安全政策合理性分析的论文.docVIP

国家农业转基因生物安全政策合理性分析的论文 国家农业转基因生物安全政策合理性分析的论文 摘要：概括分析了鼓励式的、禁止式的、允许式的、预警式的国家农业转基因生物安全政策的特征；结合转基因作物的环境风险与收益评价，探讨了各种模式的政策合理性。得出：鼓励式的农业转基因生物安全政策只考虑基因作物的收益，无视其存在的环境风险，潜存着较大的风险；禁止式的农业转基因生物安全政策在防范转基因作物环境风险的同时，把其收益也完全放弃了，是过犹不及的；允许式的农业转基因生物安全政策没有意识到转基因作物环境风险的特殊性，不能事后补救；预警式的农业转基因生物安全政策在有效应对转基因作物环境风险的同时，取得转基因作物收益，能够兼顾风险与收益。由此，鼓励式的、禁止式的、允许式的国家农业转基因生物安全政策是不合理的，而预警式的国家农业转基因生物安全政策是合理的。 关键词：国家农业转基因生物安全政策；模式；风险；收益；合理性bstract: this paper generalizes the characters of promotional, preventive, permissive and precautionary safety policies of agriculture genetically modified organisms. basing on this and integrating the risk and income assessment of genetically modified crops, this paper discusses the rationality of policies of various patterns. through the analysis, we came to the conclusion that promotional safety policy of agriculture genetically modified organisms has some risk, which only considers the income of genetically modified crops while ignores their environmental riskspreventive safety policy of agriculture genetically modified organisms is “going too far is as bad as not going far enough”, for it abandons all income while keeping away the risks of genetically modified cropspermissive safety policy of agriculture genetically modified organisms doesn’t recognize the specialties of environment risks of genetically modified crops, so remediation afterwards is impossibleprecautionary safety policy of agriculture genetically modified organisms can give attentions to risks and income, because when it deals with the risks of genetically modified crops, it can catch hold of their income. therefore, promotional, preventive and permissive safety policies of agriculture genetically modified organisms are irrational, while precautionary safety policy of agriculture genetically modified organisms is rational. key words：national safety policy of agriculture genetically modified organismspatternriskincomerationalityrobert l.paarlberg对美国、欧盟、中国等1999年-2000年的农业转基因生物安全政策进行了分析，认为可分为四种政策模式：鼓励式的（pr