论反垄断法实施中冲突和协调-毕业论文.doc

摘  要 反垄断法在市场经济国家中占有十分重要的地位，它维护自由竞争，是各国 “自由企业的宪章”。当一国的反垄断法具有了某种域外适用效力并且由执法当局 付诸实施时，反垄断法的冲突随之产生，并且随着国际经济的不断发展而逐渐加 剧。反垄断法实施中的冲突不仅导致稀缺资源的浪费，使企业无所适从，甚至可 能导致国与国之间外交关系的恶化。因此，无论从政治上还是经济上看，协调反 垄断法实施中的冲突显得十分重要和迫切。基于此种认识，协调反垄断法冲突的 工作早在 20 世纪 70、 80 年代就已经开始。现今国际中采取的协调方式往往有单 边规定、双边协定、区域协调、国际组织的协调。每种协调方式都有其优点，但 也存在不足。目前，协调反垄断法实施冲突的工作已经进入 WTO 的议程，但 WTO 尚未就此议题达成任何实质性的协议。虽然迄今为止，大量的学者认为在 WTO 体制中建立国际反垄断法的体系是世界反垄断法发展的主流，但对于是否应在 WTO 内建立一个统一的竞争政策框架，以美国和欧盟为首仍存在赞成与反对两种 截然相反的观点。中国作为 WTO 的重要成员国之一，作为一个正在建设市场经济 的发展中国家，不可能对此议题漠不关心。不仅仅因为外国企业、消费者已经在 其本国法院对我国的企业提出了反垄断诉讼；更为重要的是历经十余年，现已进 入全国人大审议阶段的《中国反垄断法草案》在第 2 条中明确规定，中国反垄断 法具有域外适用效力。这就意味着中外反垄断法的冲突是无法避免的。因此，中 国应该主动加入相关国际组织特别是 WTO 对此问题的讨论，积极的采取符合中国 国情的对策。 关键词：域外适用；国际协调；竞争政策 I Abstract Anti-monopoly law is called free enterprise Charter in the market economy countries that occupies a very important position, which safeguards free competition economic fields .When the extraterritorial application of a countrys anti-monopoly law have some effects and put into practice by law enforcement authorities, Anti-monopoly law ensuing conflicts, as the international economy continues to develop and gradually intensified. The conflicts have led to the implementation of the anti-monopoly law in the waste of scarce resources, but also enterprises, and may even lead to diplomatic relations deteriorated. So, from both the economic or political perspective, the conflicts in coordinating the implementation of the anti-monopoly law are very important and urgent .Based on this understanding, the coordination of the anti-monopoly law that in the 70,80 of 20th century has begun. Generally, coordinated approaches have been taken by the national legislation, bilateral agreements, regional coordination, coordination of international organizations. Each co-ordinated approach has its merits, there is insufficient. At present, coordination of the implementation of the anti-monopoly law has acceded to the conflict on the agenda. Although so far, many scholars believe