从众心理--羊群效应.pptVIP

1.Definition 从众心理又叫羊群效应 Herd Instinct也称“跟风效应”，英文中将其描述为：The Greater-fool-Game，意为“下家都是比你更大的傻瓜”。 羊群行为(Herding Behaviors)是一种特殊的非理性行为，是指投资者在信息环境不确定的情况下，行为受到其他投资者的影响，模仿他人决策，或者过度依赖于舆论(即市场中的压倒多数的观念)，而不考虑自己的信息的行为。由于羊群行为涉及多个投资主体的相关性行为，对于市场的稳定性、效率有很大影响，也和金融危机有密切的关系，因此，羊群行为引起了学术界和政府监管部门的广泛关注。 * Bandwagon effect 从众心理 1. Definition 2.Origin of the phrase 3.Use in politics 5.Use in microeconomics 4. Use in science 1.Definition The bandwagon effect, also known as the cromo effect and closely related to opportunism, is a phenomenon—observed primarily within the fields of microeconomics, political science, and behaviorism—that people often do and believe things merely because many other people do and believe the same things. The effect is often called herd instinct, though strictly speaking, this effect is not a result of herd instinct. The bandwagon effect is the reason for the bandwagon fallacys success. 2. Origin of the phrase Literally, a bandwagon is a wagon which carries the band in a parade, circus or other entertainment.The phrase jump on the bandwagon first appeared in American politics in 1848 when Dan Rice, a famous and popular circus clown of the time, used his bandwagon and its music to gain attention for his political campaign appearances. As his campaign became more successful, other politicians strove for a seat on the bandwagon, hoping to be associated with his success. Later, during the time of William Jennings Bryans 1900 presidential campaign, bandwagons had become standard in campaigns,and jump on the bandwagon was used as a derogatory term, implying that people were associating themselves with the success without considering what they associated themselves with. 乐队花车 从众效应又被称为「乐队花车效应」，也就是在花车大游行中搭载乐队的花车。参加者只要跳上了这台乐队花车，就能够轻松地享受游行中的音乐，又不用走路，也因此，英文中的片语（跳上乐队花车）就代表了「进入主流」。这片语首先在1848年的美国政府中，由林肯时代的一个小丑使用。专业的马戏团小丑丹?赖斯，在为扎卡里?泰勒竞选宣传时，使用了乐队花车的音乐来吸引民众注目。当泰勒的宣传日益成功时，越来越多政客为求利益而投向了泰勒。1900年，威廉?詹宁斯?布莱恩参选美国总统选举时，乐队花车已成为竞选不可或缺的一部份。 3. Use in polit