具有资源禀赋的专业化经济模型与经济发展分析.doc

具有资源禀赋的专业化经济模型与经济发展分析 田振明( 刘华辉(( ( 广州中医药大学经济与管理学院，广东 广州 510405 ) 摘要：在斯密理论的基础上分析了2×2模型的专业化经济系统与经济发展的关系。结论是，若两个国家在事前相同，它们选择何种产品进行专业化生产并不影响整个经济系统的总量产出。若两个国家事前相同且资源禀赋结构也相同，由于专业化经济的存在，两国同样可以选择不同的专业化生产，然后以一定的交换比例进行国际贸易，同样可以促进整个系统的经济发展。同时解释了为什么国际贸易主要发生在先天条件相近的发达国家之间，而比较优势较大的发达国家与落后国家之间的贸易，反而要大大小于条件互相类似的发达国家之间的贸易。若两个国家在事前是不同的，那么以资源禀赋结构为基础的专业化经济有两种方式，其中两国均以自己资源密集度高的产品进行专业化生产是最有效的专业化经济生产模式。 关键词：分工与专业化；事前；绝对优势；比较优势 JEL分类：F24 F27 F205　 文献标识码：A An Analysis of Specialized Economy Model with Resource Endowment and Economic Development TIAN Zhenming LIU Huahui ( School of Economics and Management, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, P. R. China ) ABSTRACT：This paper analyzes the relation between specialization system in a 2?2 Model and economic development. The conclusion is obtained, if two nations are same at ex ante, the total amount of whole economic systems output is out of effect which they produce specially in either of the two products. If two nations are same at ex ante, their structures of resource endowment are same also, they can choose different specialized product and make international trade in a certain exchange scale, the whole economic system’s development can be improved because of the existence of specialized economy. This can explain that most of international trade is made between developed countries which endowment conditions are similar, but the trade between developed country and undeveloped one is very little. If two nations are different at ex ante, there is two configurations based on the structure of resource endowment, the configuration is the most valid one in which two nations produce based on their high resource intensity product. KEY WORDS：Division of labor and specialization; Ex ante；Absolute advantage; Comparative advantage 一 引言 在国际经济学说发展的漫长历程中，专业化经济或分工经济，作为技术、要素禀赋和生产函数等外生变量之外的决定国际贸易的重要因素，长期以来却为当代主流经济学的国际贸易理论所忽视。对于一个国家来说,怎样才能实现快速的工业化与可持续的经济发展,这一直是经济学界所关心的重要问题之一。与此同时，经济增长理论也就成为经济学研究领域中最重要的论题，于