自考英语语言学 week3.pptVIP

Coinage/Invention (Neologism) 创新词 The invention of totally new items. Nylon Summary ◆The classification of word class ◆ Open class ◆ Close class ◆ The classification of morphemes ◆ Free/Bound/Derivational/Inflectional morphemes ◆ The distinction of root, stem and base. 小结 Thanks for Your Attention! * English Linguistics 2014. 9. 23 Chapter 3 Morphology Morphology refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 形态学/词法学研究单词的内部结构和构词规则。 Open class words Close class words nouns verbs adjectives adverbs conj prepositions articles pronouns determiner Content words Grammatical/ Functional words 开放词类 封闭词类 W O R D C L A S S Open class word and closed class word Open class words----content words of a language to which we can regularly add new words, such as nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs, e.g. beatnik(a member of the Beat Generation), hacker, email, internet, “做秀，时装秀…” in Chinese. 开放词类 Closed class words----grammatical or functional words, such as conjunction, articles, preposition and pronouns. 封闭词类 Morpheme—the minimal unit of meaningIt is the smallest unit that carries grammatical and /or semantic meaning. 词素——最小的意义单位 ◇1-morpheme boy, desire ◇2-morpheme boy+ish, desir(e)+ble ◇3-morpheme boy+ish+ness, desir(e)+bl(e)+ity ◇4-morpheme gentle+man+li+ness, un+desir(e)+abl(e)+ity Affix词缀 Prefix前缀 ---- morphemes that occur only before others, e.g. un-, dis, anti-, ir-, etc. 出现在词干之前的叫前缀。 Suffix后缀 ---- morphemes that occur only after others, e.g. -ful, -er, -ish, -ness, -able, -tive, tion, etc 出现在词干之后的叫后缀。 Free morpheme自由语素 bound morpheme黏着语素 Free morpheme----is one that may constitute a word (free form) by itself, such as bed, tree, sing, dance, etc. 自由词素是指本身可以作为一个词使用的词素。 Bound morpheme----is one that may appear with at least one other morpheme. They can not stand by themselves, such as “-s” in “dogs”, “al” in “nationa