文献_AmpliChip for Cytochrome P-450 Genotyping.pdfVIP

Hospital Pharmacy Volume 41, Number 5, pp 442–454 2006 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. FEATURED ARTICLEFEATURED ARTICLE AmpliChip for Cytochrome P-450 Genotyping: The Epoch of Personalized Prescriptions Brian J. Gates, PharmD,* and Neal M. Davies, BSc (Pharm), PhD, RPh† Gregor Mendel’s famous investi- Abstract — The clinical importance of genetic polymorphisms in drug gations with pea plant varieties in metabolism is well-known in clinical pharmacotherapy. The first widely the 1860s enabled the foundation available pharmacogenomic microarray technology approved by the for the establishment of rules of Food and Drug Administration as a medical device to clinically genotype heredity. Archibald Garrod in genetic polymorphisms in drug metabolism is now available with the early 1900s identified the first launch of AmpliChip technology. This readily accessible clinical microar- ray test allows the genotyping of cytochrome (CYP) P-450 2D6 and 2C19 human genetic disease, alkap- and marks a milestone in the epoch of evidence based personalized med- tonuria, and published the pivotal icine. Many commonly used drugs are substrates for CYP2D6 and CYP work, Inborn Errors of Metabo- 2C19 and hence may potentially demonstrate phenotypic differences as lism. This advancement in phar- poor, intermediate, extensive, and ultrarapid metabolizers. These pheno- macogenetic knowledge was fol- typic