怎样理解暗示意义和作者态度.docVIP

怎样理解暗示意义和作者态度 在进行语言交际时，人们的表达不总是直话直说，把意义体现在文字的字面上。有时出于某种考虑，人们采用“言在此，意在彼”的手法，这就是我们平常说的的暗示含义。暗示意义在日常生活中到处可见。如果某人说，”It seems warm in here.”他不一定是在陈述一个事实，很可能是暗示应该关掉空调或是打开窗子；如果“Where did you get that dress?”他可能暗示那件衣服很漂亮。 关于暗示意义的独特功能，有一个小故事非常具有说服力。在一条远洋货船上，船长和大副轮流写每天的航海日记。两人的关系不太好，相处不太愉快。一天，大副在读前一天的日记时，看到这样一条记录 “The first mate was drunk last night.” 大副想了一会儿，拿起笔，这样写道：“ The captain was not drunk last night.”这句话所传达的暗示意义是：船长除了昨晚都醉了。理解暗示含义的关键是要学会运用推理，例如一个雇员上工迟到了，如果老板说： “You’re late for the last time.”我们绝对不能照字面意义理解，而必须推导出其“弦外之音”： “你被解雇了。” 当我们在阅读一篇文章时，作者对所讨论的话题的个人态度，也是重要的暗含意义。写作有感而发，作者和常人一样，他对事物的阐述很难做到客观，冷静。文章的内容字里行间隐含桌作者的个人态度，或气愤失望，或怀疑讥讽，或诙谐幽默。读文章时，不体味出作者的态度，就不能说对文章内容有全面准确的理解，因为作者的态度是文章意义上的一部分，有时甚至是最重要的一部分。 You can say this about Americans – that they are health conscious.They spend about as much on health remedies as they do on cigarettes and liquor. They buy loads of books about this diet or that and read them carefully with a box of pretzels(椒盐卷饼) and a can of beer to help them through the passages. Or they are seized with a frenzy (疯狂的激动) and stop eating essential foods altogether. They go faithfully to an exercises class one day a week, but on the other six days their chief exercise is getting in and out of bed. Or they take up jogging and stumble lonesomely along theside of a high way until they begin to notice irregular heart beats. Yes, sir, we Americans certainly try to take care of our health. 单从字面意义上看，读者可以认为美国人是很重视他们的健康的，第一句中的“they are health conscious”和最后一句话 “we Americans certainly try to take care of our health.”都明白无误地证明了这一点。但是仔细玩味段落中间那些似是而非的例证，我们还是可以看出，作者实际上在讥讽那种美国式的保健方法。我们通篇也找不到一句直接的讽刺话，是因为作者的态度隐含在例证中的字里行间。下面请再看一例。 Several years have passed since Americans first became alarmed enough about their environment to do something about it. They have stopped burning leaves and trash. They have been using unleaded gas in their cars. Industrial plants are dumping less waste into rivers and lakes. Has anything happened as a result ? Yes, the air is cleaner around NY, fo