中高级美国来华留学生在汉语习得中因相似性而产生的偏误及其分析.pdf

内容摘要 中高级美国留学生的汉语习作中存在的大量偏误，是因为不能正确辨析其与 相似的语言点的差异而来的。这种相似或者是汉语近音字，或者是近义词，或者 是汉英所表达的意义相似。 本文基于对欧美留学生偏误分析已有的成果，以中高级来华美国高校留学生 由于相似性而引起的偏误为研究对象，运用中介语理论、偏误理论等，从对比分 析的角度，对语料分类分析，并提出解决策略。 全文分为五章。第一章是绪论，阐述研究缘起、研究对象、研究现状和研究 意义。第二章为理论基础，阐述偏误分析和相似性心理学的理论基础。第三章是 语料分析整理，首先，从语料的四种偏误形式分类，偏误出现概率由高到低依次 是替代——错序——遗漏——误加；其次，从语料的偏误原因分为目的语本体相 似偏误和目的语与母语相似偏误两种，前者比例略大于后者，其中，前者主要表 现在汉语近音字、近义词错误替代上，后者主要表现在英汉意义相似、语法不同 导致的四种不同偏误形式，而尤其以英语语序的差异导致的错序所占比例最大。 第四章是策略建议，针对近音字替代偏误，提出汉字教学从意义出发，注重偏旁 部首教学；针对近义词的替代偏误，提出词语教学从语素出发，构建词语网络系 统，进行意义相似词语的扩展和对比辨析；针对英汉意义相似、语法不同的偏误， 提出英汉语法对比教学的策略，尤其是英汉语序的差异。第五章是结语，指出本 文的研究结果，认为美国中高级汉语学习者的中介语正在逐渐摆脱母语的制约， 越来越向目的语靠拢，正在形成目的语思维。 关键词：相似性，中介语，汉语 Abstract Among the Chinese essays of American students in advanced level in China, there are a lot of errors, which comes from the inability to tell the difference from the similar language points. The similar language points could probably be similar tone, or similar meaning, or English-translated Chinese shared similar meaning. Based on the study of error analysis, the dissertation analyzes the language resources from American students in China whose Chinese level is advanced, from the angle of contrastive analysis using the theory of interlanguage, error analysis and so on. From the language resources gathered, the thesis study the types and reasons of errors of similarity, and provide some ways to reduce the errors. The whole thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is introduction which introduce the object of the research, the results existed and the meaning for my research. The second chapter is theory basis of error analysis and similarity in psychology. The third chapter is to sort the language resources. Firstly according to the four error forms, the rates from top to bottom is replacement, misorder, omit and misadd. Secondly according to reasons, there are target language inner similarity and similarity