高中英语 精华双语文章 四类作曲家素材.docVIP

高中精华双语文章：四类作曲家 音乐史上众多的作曲家，根据其创作方式的不同，可分为四大类：自发式灵感型、建设型、传统类及先锋型。跟着文章了解一下舒伯特、贝多芬等著名作曲家们各属于什么类型吧。 The Four Types of Composers 四类作曲家 I can see three different types of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion. 我发现音乐史上有三种不同类型的作曲家，他们各自创作的方式有不同。 The type that has fired public imagination most is that of the spontaneously inspired composer - the Franz Schubert type, in other words. All composers are inspired, of course, but this type is more spontaneously inspired. Music simply wells out of him. He cant get it down on paper fast enough. You can almost tell this type of composer by his fruitful output. In certain months, Schubert wrote a song a day. Hugo Wolf did the same. 最能激发公众想象力的是自发式灵感型即弗朗兹·舒伯特型。当然所有的作曲家都需要灵感，但这一类型的更具自发的灵感，音乐简直就是喷涌而出，多得来不及记录，通过他们多产的作品你几乎可以一下就认出他们。有几个月舒伯特几乎每天谱成一曲，伍尔夫·雨果也是如此。 In a sense, men of this kind begin not so much with a musical theme as with a completed composition. They invariably work best in the shorter forms. It is much easier to improvise a song than it is to improvise a symphony. It isnt easy to be inspired in that spontaneous way for long periods at a stretch. Even Schubert was more successful in handling the shorter forms of music. The spontaneously inspired man is only one type of composer, with this own limitations. 从一定意义上说，这类作曲家不是从一个主题开始而是从一部完整的作品一气呵成。他们总是擅长短形式的作品。即兴创作一支歌曲比即兴创作一部交响曲要简单得多。要长时间连续不断地获得自发的灵感不容易，就是舒伯特也是短形式的音乐方面更为成功。自发式灵感型人只是作曲家的一种，他有他自己的局限。 Beethoven belongs to the second type - the constructive type, one might call it. This type serves as an example of my theory of the creative process in music better than any other, because in this case the composer really does begin with a musical theme. In Beethovens case there is no doubt about it, for we have the notebooks in which he put the themes down. We can see from his notebooks how he worked over his themes - how he would not let them be until they were as perfect as he could make them. Beethoven was not a spontaneously inspire