绝望与突围 ——对利奥塔崇高理论的一种解读.pdf

摘要 本文以西方“崇高”范畴史上的异数——利奥塔的崇高理论为论述的对象。 之所以说它是“异数”，是因为它失去了传统崇高的行而上背景，也失去了作为 超越主体的人，而是在一个“无主体”、“无深度”的后现代境遇之下提出的“崇 高”。 文章以追问的方式，在对“崇高”与“荒诞”，“崇高”与“震惊”、“崇高” 与“非人”三组美学范畴的对比研究中，实现对利奥塔崇高理论的逐层解构，还 原了这种“崇高”的本来面目，即利奥塔的“崇高”完全失去了古典崇高的内蕴， 而只是“荒诞”、“震惊”、“非人”的别名。 但是，利奥塔正是以这种后现代的“崇高”来抗击黯淡懈离的艺术和美学现 状，抗击日益卑琐和异化的生存处境，虽然，以虚无对抗虚无、以瞬间对抗瞬间、 以非人对抗非人，是注定要失败的。但是，利奥塔的崇高美学却在这种命定的失 败中，在这种绝望的努力中获得张力，所以，这种明知不可为而为的绝望努力反 而在另一向度上践行了崇高。这种崇高，虽然与利奥塔作为其美学遁词的古典崇 高大相径庭，却也殊途同归。所以，这种崇高，也是绝望的突围。 关键词：崇高；荒诞；震惊；非人 2 Abstract The object of this thesis is to have a elaborate study to the Lyotards theory about sublime. His theory show great difference from the others because it had lost the traditional metaphysical background of western theory. And it has lost the transcendental character of Human Being. He put out this term in a postmodernism circumstance that non-subjectivity and non-depth. This article studies the difference of some esthetics concepts in three groups: sublime and absurd; sublime and shock; sublime and inhuman. The purpose of these comparing is to unfold the veil of Lyotards theory. It has lost the classical connotation of this term and is only a substitution of absurd, shock and inhuman. The main purpose of Lyotards study is to use this term as a resistance to the decline of art and esthetics in postmodernism. His work is doomed to be a failure because he resist nothingness by nothingness, resist moment by moment, resist inhume by inhume .But his theory gains success in this kind of pursuit. He himself practiced sublime in a different way. Although it is a diversion of classical theory, it reaches the same goa