汉语约数词“数、余、所、许”的历时考察.pdfVIP

摘 要 称数法是汉语史语法研究的重要组成部分。王力先生曾指出：“中国人的 称数法，乃中国语法的一个主要部分。”而约数是称数法系统的重要一环。因 此，对约数词进行历时考察，将有助于展现约数词的整体面貌，从而有利于科 学的称数法系统的建立。 本文以约数词“数、余、所、许”为研究对象，立足于现有的约数词研究 成果，对这四个约数词进行了较为全面系统的考察。我们主要考察了它们各自 的由来、始见时间、句法表现，并对它们在历史上使用情况的变化进行了分析 和梳理。在此基础上，选取了若干比较重要的问题，如“数词十‘数’”的取 值问题，“‘余’+数词（+名词）”格式，“所”和“许”的历时更替，约数表达 中的羡余现象等进行了探讨。最后，对这四个约数词的功能、意义、分布、频 率等方面的特点作了总结，并比较了它们之间在功能、意义、分布、频率等方 面的异同。 关键词：约数词；数；余；所；许；历时考察 1 Abstract Numeration plays a significant role in the syntax research of Chinese language history. Mr Wang Li pointed out that numeration is a principal part of Chinese grammar, while approximate numeral is the key link to the numeration system. Therefore, it is favorable for the establishment of numeration system to research several concrete approximate numerals and present its outlook . Based on the current research accomplishment of approximate numerals, this paper is focused on the approximate numerals shu(数),yu(余),suo(所),xu(许), in order to get a comprehensive and systematic survey of the four approximate numerals .we mainly study their sources , appearing time , application respectively,and analyse their usage in history. Then, we choose some important and typical phenomena ,such as the numerical value of the pattern of numeral+shu(数) ，the pattern of yu(余)+ numeral （+noun ）,the substitution of suo(所) and xu(许),the phenomenon of redundancy. Finally ，we summarize their features in syntactic function ，grammatical meaning，distribution and frequency, and compare their similarities and differences among them. Key Words: approximate numerals ; shu(数);