医学论文中的研究表述法mdash;mdash;各种假设检.pdfVIP

医学论文中的研究表述法 —— 各种假设检 验的报告方式 Tom Lang, MA Proposed by Sir Ronald Fisher in 1920 as a measure P 值是R • Fisher 爵士在1920 年提出用 of the strength of evidence, p values are part of an area of 于反映证据可靠度的一种指标， 属于频率 statistics called the frequentist approach to statistics. Also a part 统计领域的一种统计方法。 同属这一领域 of the frequentist approach is a method of choosing between 的还有数学家Jerzy Neyman和Egon Pearson hypotheses, called hypothesis testing, which was developed by 在十九世纪三十年代提出的所谓假设检验， mathematicians Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson in the 1930s. 也即在各种假设之间进行选择的一种方法。 Probability values and hypothesis testing are actually quite 概率与假设检验其实是大相径庭的两种概 different concepts, but they are widely, if mistakenly, seen as 念， 但如果没搞清楚的话， 多数人会将两 parts of a coherent approach to statistical inference.1 In fact, 者视为同一种统计推断手段的内容[1] 。 事 the frequentist approach is widely used in biomedical research. 实上， 频率统计手段在生物医学研究中的 Although the logic behind it is elegant, it is not intuitively 应用很广， 其内在原理很深奥， 表面上给 obvious, which is why it is so often misunderstood. The 人的感觉却不是那么回事， 所以经常会让 guidelines here should help to make reports of hypothesis testing 人产生误解。 本文所述的各条指南旨在完 more complete. The guidelines here have been condensed from 善假设检验的报告方式， 均由《医用统计 those presented in How To Report Statistics In Medicine.2 数据的报告方法》的指南内容浓缩而成[2] 。 指南 ：尚待验证的假设表述 Guideline: State the Hypothesis Being Tested 1 A hypothesis is a testable statement about a proposed 所谓假设， 是对两个或多个变量之间 relationship between two or more variables. Either the null 关系提出主张的一段可验证性表述。 报告 From Tom Lang Communications and Training, Davis, CA. Correspondence to: Tom Lang, MA, 1925 Donner Ave, No. 3,Davis, CA 95618; e-mail: tomlangcom@ CHEST 中文版 2013 年11 月 第9 卷 第5 期 337 hypothesis of no difference (to be disproven by the study) or 中的假设可以是“无