锅炉燃烧控制系统设计.doc

摘 要 随着社会经济的飞速发展，城市建设规模的不断扩大以及人们生活水平的不断提高，对生活供暖提出了更高的要求。目前，我国北方地区冬季生活供暖仍然以锅炉供暖为主，但是锅炉房自动控制系统配置相对落后，风机和水泵等电机的控制主要依赖值班人员的手工操作，控制过程繁琐，耗电耗煤，而且手动控制无法实现锅炉的优化控制，容易出现误操作。 本文是对民用锅炉燃烧控制系统的设计，通过可编程控制器实现对锅炉汽包水位、汽包压力、炉膛负压和烟气含氧量的监测和自动控制。设计中可编程控制器及其特殊功能模块采集现场的参数，并结合给定值，经过处理给出数据，输出到变频器，以此控制电动机的转速，进而达到控制相应参数的目的，实现锅炉燃烧过程的自动控制。 关键词：锅炉，燃烧过程控制，可编程控制器，变频器，PID控制 ABSTRACT With the rapid development of social economy and the increasingly improved living standard of people,the scale of city construction is unprecedentedly expanded, higher requirements for living heating system is needed. In northern China,most current living heating systems for winter use are still boiler heating system,but automatic control system for boiler room configuration is relatively backward.The control of operating fans in stokehold and water pumps is still manual. In manual control system,the control process is very Complex and it’s a waste of power and coal.What’s more, the optimization of boiler control can’ot be achieved in manual control prone system. This article is designed for civilian boiler combustion control system, the drum water level, drum pressure, vacuum furnace and flue gas oxygen content of the boiler are real-time monitored and automatically controlled by the programmable controller.At first,the programmable logic controller and its special function module parameters collected the data at the scene, then combined the data with a given value, at last the data which was processed and output to the inverter in order to control the speed of the motors.So the parameters are controlled and the automatic control of boiler combustion process is achieved. KEY WORDS: boiler, control of combustion process，the programmable controller，PID control 目 录 第一章 绪 论 6 1.1项目背景及课题的研究意义 6 1.2供暖锅炉控制的国内外研究现状 7 1.3本设计解决的问题 8 第二章 控制方案说明 9 2.1控制对象说明 9 2.1.1鼓风机 10 2.1.2炉排 10 2.1.3炉膛 11 2.1.4汽包 12 2.1.5给水泵 12 2.1.6引风机 12 2.1.7省煤器和除尘器 13 2.2控制系统介绍 13 2.2.1锅炉汽包水位控制系统 13 2.2.2锅炉燃烧过程控制系统 14 2.3系统简化说明 15 2.4锅炉燃烧控制系统方案 15 2.4.1汽