高二英语被动语态精讲.docVIP

一．被动语态 被动语态的构成 英语中的及物动词一般都有主动语态和被动语态两种形式。被动语态由助动词be和过去分词构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态和预期的不同而变化。被动语态的时态形式见下表: 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 am/is/are done was/were done will/shall be done would/should be done 进行 am/is/are being done was/were being done will/shall be being done would/should be being done 完成 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/should have been done 完成进行 have/has been being done had been being done will/shall have been being done would /should have been being done （二） 被动语态的用法 1.不知道谁是动作的执行者或没必要指明谁是动作的执行者。 （1） ---George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding? ----No, I hadn’t been invited. Did they have a big wedding? （2）-----The window is dirty. ----I know. It hasn’t been cleaned for weeks. 2.需要强调或突出动作的承受着或事件本身。 （1）All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home. 3. 在文章标题、广告、新闻中。 （1）Girls wanted (2) Millions of pounds’ worth of damage has been caused by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. （三） 短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态 1. The old man was often laughed at . Children are being well taken care of there.(在被动结构中，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词) 2. He must be prevented from going . Your time should be made full use of .(谓语结构是：情态动词+be + 过去分词) (四) get +过去分词 （1） She got married last week .（2） The patient got treated once a week（3） He fell off the car and got killed. 二、主动形式表被动意义 1. 系动词 look, sound, feel , smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, become, fall , get, grow, keep+ 形容词/名词 构成系表结构。 （1） The steel feels cold. （2） His plan proved (to be ) practical. （3） It has gone bad. 2. 表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop , end, shut , run, move等。如： （1） Work began at 7 o’clock this morning .（2） The shop closes at 6 p.m every day. 3. 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如 read, write, cut, iron, draw, drive , sell , wash, clean, wear, open, lock, shut, dry等。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。如： （1） This coat dries easily. 这种外衣容易干。 （2）Nylon cleans easily.尼龙容易洗干净。 (3) Food c