分布式水文模型硕士论文.doc

摘 要 随着现代社会数字化进程的加快，基于数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model, DEM)的分布式水文模型(Distributed Hydrology Model)在水利行业的主导地位也日益明显，它避开了传统水文学依靠多年的水文观测资料的计算方法，而依据流域的相关参数和地理信息进行水文计算，给水利行业注入了新的活力。因为分布式水文模型与现代计算机紧密相联，所以它必然更具有生命力。 本文在分布式水文模型的基础上，对河南省燕山水库流域洪水入库计算模拟方面作了一些研究：从燕山水库流域的下垫信息开始着手，依据流域的土地使用类型图、土壤分布图确定每个栅格单元的土壤特性和土地利用方式，进行下垫信息的参数化，得到单元模型所需的参数值；为了提取地形信息，本文通过对流域地形图海量数据加载高程值，利用GIS软件(ArcView)自动生成流域内的数字高程模型，提取了流域水文模型所需要的库容曲线；通过栅格自动划分，提取栅格单元的高程、坡度、栅格流向、流域边界、虚拟河网、流量积累、等时流线面积分布等分布式水文模型的流域特征。创建分布式水文模型的关建是建立一个合适的基于栅格单元的水文模型，本文将栅格单元在垂直方向上分为二层，即地表层和地下层，涉及到降雨、温度、植被截留、蒸散发、下渗等水文计算模型；并综合各类相关数据，建立了地信数据库和水文数据库，通过VB编程进行等时流线模拟计算。等时流线的模拟计算是通过计算机提取相应栅格数量进行的，而且一个步长的栅格数量不是不变的，而是由一个步长栅格降雨的流速决定的，而单元雨水的流速又是由步长内降雨量的多少决定的。最后，本文对1998年流域的两次洪水入库量进行验证，鉴于水库还没有建成，为了便于比较本文还进行了洪水过程线模拟并取得较好的效果。 关键词：数字高程模型；分布式水文模型；地理信息；流域；栅格单元；等时流线；流量积累 Abstract With developing more quickly in digitalization in modern society, The Distributed Hydrology Model founded on Digital Elevation Models are becoming more and more important in water conservancy, It avoids the way of the Accustomed Hydrology Model on many years of hydrological statistical data, but on geographic information and other interrelated experimental data in one drainage area, it breathe a new power into water conservancy. Because the Distributed Hydrology Model relates to the modern computer, it will have strong vital force. Making use of this model I have a taste in Yan Shan Reservoir watershed in He Nan Province: I start on the information of the surface in this area, give every grid cell the proper parameters by distilling them from the map of how the people use soil and the map of soil type in this area; In order to get the topographical information, I add numerical value to a abundant of contour lines and points in topographical map, use the software ArcView of GIS to create Digital Elevation Models (DEM) automatically, get every volume of the reservoir from the water level 99m to 117m. By using a special module of the software, I distill triumphantly