DNA亲子鉴定基础知识.pptVIP

* Figure 2.3 The human genome contained in every cell consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes and a small circular genome known as mitochondrial DNA. Chromosomes 1-22 are numbered according to their relative size and occur in single copy pairs within a cell’s nucleus with one copy being inherited from one’s mother and the other copy coming from one’s father. Sex-chromosomes are either X,Y for males or X,X for females. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from one’s mother and is located in the mitochondria with hundreds of copies per cell. Together the nuclear DNA material amounts to over 3 billion base pairs (bp) while mitochondrial DNA is only about 16,569 bp in length. * * 细胞结构 细胞核 DNA存在于 受精过程中， 引入父亲DNA 线粒体 存在于细胞核外， 只含母亲DNA 细胞中的DNA结构 循环扩增目标区域 染色体 细胞核 双链DNA结构 单个碱基对序列 不同生物的染色体数目不同 人类染色体 23对 小鼠染色体 21对 人类基因组 23 对染色体 + 线粒体DNA /genome/guide/ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 X Y 性染色体 （Y属父系遗传） mtDNA 16,569 bp 常染色体 Mitochondrial DNA Nuclear DNA 32 亿碱基对 Located in cell nucleus 存在于细胞核之外的线粒体中，属母系遗传 2 copies per cell 100s of copies per cell 人类染色体与碱基对 染色体???? 基因数 总碱基对 已测序碱基对? 1 3,148 247,200,000 224,999,719 2 902 242,750,000 237,712,649 3 1,436 199,450,000 194,704,827 4 453 191,260,000 187,297,063 5 609 180,840,000 177,702,766 6 1,585 170,900,000 167,273,992 7 1,824 158,820,000 154,952,424 8 781 146,270,000 142,612,826 9 1,229 140,440,000 120,312,298 10 1,312 135,370,000 131,624,737 11 405 134,450,000 131,130,853 12 1,330 132,290,000 130,303,534 13 623 114,130,000 95,559,980 14 886 106,360,000 88,290,585 15 676 100,340,000 81,341,915 16 898 88,820,000 78,884,754 17 1,367 78,650,000 77,800,220 18 365 76,120,000 74,656,155 19 1,553 63,810,000 55,785,651 20 816 62,440,000 59,505,254 21 446 46,940,000 34,171,998 22 595 49,530,000 34,893,953 X 1,093 154,910,000 151,058,754 Y 125 57,740,000 22,429,293 精子 卵子 受精卵 DNA身份识别应用 司法案件 － 通过物证DNA信息搜寻罪犯并定罪 民事案例 － 亲子鉴定、亲缘鉴定 灾难事件 － 大规模人群身份或遗体辨认 历史身源 － 有历史意义的特殊个体DN