全身强直阵挛性发作.pptVIP

American Epilepsy Society 2010 Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures Associated with loss of consciousness and post-ictal confusion/lethargy Duration 30-120 seconds Tonic phase Stiffening and fall Often associated with ictal cry Clonic Phase Rhythmic extremity jerking EEG – generalized polyspikes Seizures Partial Generalized Tonic- Clonic C-Slide 23 Return to index Primary generalized tonic-clonic (also called grand mal or convulsive seizures) seizures cause loss of consciousness associated with an initial tonic phase of stiffening, a fall, and often a cry evoked by air forced through contracted vocal cords. Legs are usually extended, and arms may be extended, flexed, or each in succession. The subsequent clonic phase consists of jerking of the extremities which gradually slows before stopping. Tonic-clonic seizures usually last 30-120 seconds. There may be drooling or foaming resulting from lack of swallowing and excessive salivation; biting of the tongue, cheek, or lip, causing bleeding; and bladder or bowel incontinence. Postictal lethargy and confusion often last minutes to hours, and may be followed by transient agitation. The EEG shows generalized polyspikes, but these are usually obscured by muscle artifact. Postictally, there is background suppression and then diffuse slowing. *