科技英语翻译 2a.pptVIP

一、大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization） 科技英语要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容准确、信息量大，常强调存在的事实，而非某一行为，所以大量使用名词化结构。 Archimedes first discovered the principle that water is displaced by solid bodies. Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发现固体排水的原理。 The earth rotates on its own axis, which causes the change from day to night. The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 Television transmits and receives images of moving objects by radio waves. Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 二、广泛使用被动句 科技文章侧重叙事、推理，强调客观、准确，因而大量采用第三人称叙述，使用被动语态。过多使用第一、第二人称，会造成主观臆断的现象。科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动语态 Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine. 应当注意机器的工作温度。 You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine. 你们必须注意机器的工作温度。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance. We measure capacitance in farads. 我们可将电能储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。我们称这样的装置为电容器，它可以储存电容。我们用法拉为单位来测量电容。 Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance. It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，具有储存电容的能力。电容的测量单位是法拉。 三、非限定动词 由于科技文章要求书写简练、结构紧凑，因而常常使用分词短语代替定语从句；使用分词独立结构代替状语从句或并列分句；使用不定式代替各种从句，“介词+动名词短语”代替定语从句或状语从句。这样，既可缩短句子，又比较醒目。 A direct current is a current which flows always in the same direction. A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction. 直流电是一种总是沿同一方向流动的电流。 Heat causes air currents to rise when it is radiating from the earth. Radiating from the earth, heat causes air currents to rise. 热量由地球辐射出来时，使得气流上升。 A body can move uniformly and in a straight line if there is no cause to change that motion. A body can move unifo