《铣床进给系统的微机数控化改造》.doc

摘 要 随着计算机技术的飞速发展，发展现代计算机化数字控制（CNC）机床，是当前机械制造业进行技术改造，技术革新的必由之路，是未来工厂自动化的基础。因此,这次对普通机床进给系统的数控化改造设计更显得重要。 第一部分是数控机床的概述，第二部分是进给系统的总体设计方案，第三部分是伺服进给机械部分设计计算，第四部分是控制部分的单片机原理及控制程序设计，第五部分是Solidworks的模型设计。 基于步进电机的机械改装减少了人的工作量，把手动转变成为电动。本次改造用了三个步进电机，分别控制机床三个方向（纵向、横向和垂向）的进给，通过齿轮或带轮带动滚珠丝杠轴向运动。 基于单片机控制的电子部分设计提高了工作效率和测量的准确度、可信度。该仪器采用了8031单片机。文中着重论述了原理的设计思想并给出了具体电路，然后阐明了系统软件的设计思想并给出了部分程序的流程图。 在设计过程中，使用Solidworks软件，完成了机床三维建模的设计，更直观地展现机床的外型特征，使人更容易接受。 关键词：铣床，丝杠，步进电机，单片机，数控 Abstract As the development of the computer technology, producing the modern computer numerical control machine becomes the trend of the reformation in the manufacturing industry and the foundation of automation factories in the future. Therefore, the project of automatizing the machine is important to the prospective study and work. Introduction will be presented in Section 1.The overall designing scheme will be proposed in Section 2.The calculating and data of mechanical part is in Section 3 and Section 4 is the part of control including the principle of SCM and the program. Section 5 will present dissertation about design using Solidworks. The reformation to machine based the stepping motor decreases the workload by turning the hand operation to electric control. Three motors controlling three directions respectively move the ball screws by gears and strap wheels. The design in electrical part based the SCM improves the product efficiency and the accuracy and stability in the aspect of measuring by using the 8031 SCM. The idea and the electric circuit are emphasized, then the design idea of the system software is clarified and the charts of procedures are showed. The software named Solidworks is applied in the project to set up 3D model which makes the appearance of machine easy to be accepted. Key words: milling machine, ball screw, stepping motor, SCM, computer numerical control 目录 摘 要 I 第一章 绪论 1 1.1数控机床的组成 1 1.2数控机床的发展趋势 2 1.3数控铣床改造的意义 4 1.4本文主要内容 5 第二章 设计方案和基本方案的确定 6 2.1设计任务 6 2.2总体方案设计的内容 6 2.2.1伺服驱