开放经济下的国际收支账户.pptVIP

第二章 开放经济下的国际收支账户 第一节 基本概念 第三节 国际收支调节 第二节 国际收支平衡表 第四节 西方国际收支理论 第五节 中国的国际收支 Four Aspects of Economics Life: Unemployment: Saving: Trade imbalances: Money and the price level: Two Related and Essential Tools ? 1.???National income accounting: records income and output 2. Balance of payments accounting: (1)indebtedness and fortunes (2)connection between foreign transactions and national many supplies The National Income Accounts GNP = C + I + G + CA NNP = GNP – Depreciation(折旧) NI = GNP – Depreciation + Net unilateral transfers –Indirect business taxes Other Relations GDP = GNP +Net Receipt from Abroad GNP = GDP – NFP(net factor product ) NFP: income foreigners earning from home country + income of home residents earning from abroad ???  National Income Open Economy Y = C + I + G ( income method ) Y = C + S + T ( payment method ) Y = C + I + G + X – M CA = X – M ( X M = + Surplus ) ( X M = -- Deficit ) Y – ( C + I + G) = CA Saving and Account S = Y – C – G S = I ( closed ) S = I + CA (Opened) Sp = Y –T – C Sg = T – G Private and Government Saving S = Y –C – G = (Y –T – C) +( T – G ) = Sp + Sg Sp = I + CA – Sg = I + CA – ( T – G ) = I + CA + (G –T ) CA = Sp –I – (G –T ) (G –T ) = Budget deficit 外汇的概念 外汇：以外币表示并可以用于国际结算的信用票据、支付凭证、有价证券以及外币现钞。 动态外汇：将一个国家的货币兑换成另一个国家货币的行为。 静态外汇：分为广义外汇与狭义外汇 静态外汇 广义外汇：货币、支付凭证、外币有价证券、特别提款权(SDR)、其他。 狭义外汇：国外银行存款是狭义外汇的主体，用于国际结算的支付手段。 外汇特征：外币表示的资产、在国外得到补偿的债权、可兑换的支付手段、有普遍的接受性。 国际收支的概念 狭义国际收支：一国在一定时期的外汇收支。 广义国际收支：居民与非居民之间经济交易的系统记录。（经济利益所在地） 流量：时期；存量：时点。 W = W-1 + S (本期结束时的财富存量等于上期结束时财富存量加本期储蓄流量）。 Residents Nonresidents Residents: Personal :Natural person, Students (more than 1 year) , Immigrants, tourists (more than 1 year). Impersonal: Government , Nonprofit groups, Enterprises Nonresidents: Official diplomat, Stationary troops, International Institutions: UN, IMF