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ChapterFive
Meaning1
GeoffreyLeech(1974,1981).Semantics:TheStudyofMeaning.Seventypesofmeaning:ConceptualmeaningConnotativemeaningSocialmeaningAffectivemeaningReflectedmeaningCollocativemeaningThematicmeaningAssociativeMeaning2
3.1ConceptualmeaningAlsocalled‘denotative’or‘cognitive’meaning.Referstological,cognitiveordenotativecontent.Concernedwiththerelationshipbetweenawordandthethingitdenotes,orrefersto.3
3.2Connotativemeaningtheemotionalassociationwhichawordoraphrasesuggestsinone’smind.Itisthesupplementaryvalueaddedtothepurelydenotativemeaningofaword.Motherafemaleparentconnoteslove,careandtenderness.DogshavedifferentconnotativemeaningbetweenChineseandEnglish.4
3.3SocialmeaningWhatapieceoflanguageconveysaboutthesocialcircumstancesofitsuse.Dialect:thelanguageofageographicalregionorofasocialclass.5
domicile:veryformal,officialresidence:formalabode:poetichome:generalsteed:poetichorse:generalnag:slanggee-gee:babylanguage6
3.4AffectivemeaningReflectingthepersonalfeelingsofthespeaker,includinghisattitudetothelistener,orhisattitudetosomethingheistalkingabout.I’mterriblysorrytointerrupt,butIwonderifyouwouldbesokindastoloweryourvoicesalittle.orWillyoubeltup.7
3.5ReflectedmeaningAssociatedwithanothersenseofthesameexpression.Reflectedmeaningcultureoriented.InEnglishlilyreflectspurityandchastity.LoveandhappinessinChinese.Sopaintthelily画蛇添足DragonsymbolizesroyaltyandpowerwhileinEnglishevil.8
3.6Collocativemeaningmeaningofawordsuggestedbyotherwordswithwhichitco-occurs.Prettyhandsomesharecommongroundinthemeaninggood-looking,buttheyhavedifferentcollocativemeanings.Prettywithgirlhandsomewithboy.Tremblewithfearandquiverwithexcitement.9
3.7Thematicmeaningdeterminedbytheorderofthewordsandthedifferentprominencetheyeachreceive
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