session_1_Environment_combined.ppt

Environmental Management环境管理 作者：Ted Funk, PhD, PE Extension Agricultural Engineer University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 农业推广工程师 美国伊利诺斯大学 Lesson Goals 课程目标 Assessing swine environments 评估猪的环境 Applying appropriate, cost-effective improvements 进行适当的、成本合理的改进 Making healthier, safer and more productive swine confinement systems 建造有益于健康、安全、有益于生产并使猪感到舒适的系统 Session 1: How the pig’s environment affects production第一部分：猪的环境如何影响生产 Pigs like to choose their environment猪喜欢挑选自己的环境 Energy is allocated by priority能量优先分配 Survival 存活 Reproduction 繁殖 Production 生产 The pig’s thermal regulation Outside gestation sheds: radiation, convection, conduction in summer Clean water, right amount, right place, right time Ventilation process 通风过程 Daily weather effect: as temperature increases, relative humidity decreases常天气的影响：相对湿度随温度的上升而下降 Maximum-minimum thermometer in nursery room Bedding materials make a warm, dry, and comfortable floor Nursery with wire flooring and ventilation supply duct Wire flooring and concrete flooring combined Combination wire and solid concrete floor – maybe not the best for small pigs! Insulated structures 隔热结构 Waste less heat in winter 冬季可少浪费热量 Produce less draft on pigs 对猪的贼风较少 Reduce cooling problems in summer 夏季可减少降温的麻烦 Air speeds at the pig level are very important猪体水平处的风速非常重要 Small pigs – less than 0.15 m/s 小猪——低于0.15米/秒 Larger pigs – less than 0.25 m/s in winter 大猪——冬季低于0.25米/秒 Other environmental factors其它环境因素 Water access 饮水方便与否 Feeder space 采食槽位 Pen space 圈内空间 Notice what the pig tells us 注意猪的行为告诉了我们什么 Lying posture 躺卧姿势 Huddling behavior挤堆行为 Seeking insulation from the concrete floor 在水泥地板上寻找隔热处 Seeking protection from drafts 寻找避风处 * Provide adequate energy in a comfortable environment, and the pig will take care of all three priorities 在舒适的环境中提供重组的能量，猪会自行解决所有的需要 猪的温度调节 户外妊娠圈: 夏季辐射，对流和传导 Keep building temperatures in the thermal comfort zone 使猪舍温度保持在温度适中区 清洁的饮水，正确的量，正确的地点，正确的时间 Clean air in 清洁空气进入 Moist and odorous